Silicone Migration from Rupture Breast Implant What Should Be Done Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature: Difference between revisions

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'''Antonio Ciulla'''<sup>(1,*)</sup>, '''[https://topitalianscientists.org/tis/54231/Giovanni_Tomasello_-_Top_Italian_Scientist_in_Clinical_Sciences Giovanni Tomasello]'''<sup>(2,*)</sup>, '''Riccardo Chiodo'''<sup>(3)</sup>, '''Domenico Bartolomeo'''<sup>(3)</sup>, '''Gaetano Gallo'''<sup>(4)</sup>, '''Simona Lupo'''<sup>(5)</sup>, '''Simone Tomasini'''<sup>(6)</sup>, '''Benedetto di Trapani'''<sup>(7)</sup>, '''Antonio Giulio Giannone'''<sup>(8)</sup>, '''Francesco Carini'''<sup>(9,*)</sup>, '''[https://topitalianscientists.org/tis/52638/Vito_D'Andrea_-_Top_Italian_Scientist_in_Clinical_Sciences Vito D’Andrea]'''<sup>(10,*)</sup>.
'''Antonio Ciulla'''<sup>(1,*)</sup>, '''[https://topitalianscientists.org/tis/54231/Giovanni_Tomasello_-_Top_Italian_Scientist_in_Clinical_Sciences Giovanni Tomasello]'''<sup>(2,*)</sup>, '''Riccardo Chiodo'''<sup>(3a)</sup>, '''Domenico Bartolomeo'''<sup>(3b)</sup>, '''Gaetano Gallo'''<sup>(4)</sup>, '''Simona Lupo'''<sup>(5)</sup>, '''Simone Tomasini'''<sup>(6)</sup>, '''Benedetto di Trapani'''<sup>(7)</sup>, '''Antonio Giulio Giannone'''<sup>(8)</sup>, '''Francesco Carini'''<sup>(9,*)</sup>, '''[https://topitalianscientists.org/tis/52638/Vito_D'Andrea_-_Top_Italian_Scientist_in_Clinical_Sciences Vito D’Andrea]'''<sup>(10,*)</sup>.


<sup>(*)</sup> The following Authors: AC, GT, FC, VD, contributed equally the drawing of this article.


END
<sup>(1)</sup> Antonio Ciulla, MD, General Surgeon, PhD,School of Medicine, Palermo University. bisturi@neomedia.it


<sup>(2)</sup> Giovanni Tomasello, MD, General Surgeon, , BIND Department, School of Medicine, Palermo University, Italy. giovanni.tomasello@unipa.it


<sup>(3a)</sup> Riccardo Chiodo, Student, School of  Medicine, Palermo University.            criccardo706@gmail.com


<sup>(3b)</sup> Domenico Bartolomeo, Student, School of  Medicine, Palermo University.            domybart28@gmail.com


<sup>(4)</sup> Gaetano Gallo, MD, General Surgeon, Department of Surgery,  Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.  ga.gallo@uniroma1.it


<sup>(5)</sup> Simona Lupo, MD, General Surgeon, Breast Unit, A.O.U.P. P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy. luposimona85@gmail.com
<sup>(6)</sup> Simone Tomasini, MD, Thoracic Surgeon,  Torina Hospital Care, Palermo, Italy. enomis883@yahoo.it


'''[https://topitalianscientists.org/tis/52982/Massimo_Franchini_-_Top_Italian_Scientist_in_Biomedical_Sciences Massimo Franchini]'''<sup>(a)</sup>, '''Daniele Focosi'''<sup>(b)</sup>.
<sup>(7)</sup> Benedetto di Trapani, MD, General Surgeon, Torina Hospital Care, Palermo, Italy. benedettoditrapani@gmail.com


<sup>(a)</sup> Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy;
<sup>(8)</sup> Antonino Giulio Giannone,  MD, PhD, Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo. aggianno@gmail.com


<sup>(b)</sup> North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Italy.
<sup>(9)</sup> Franceso Carini, MD, BIND Department, School of Medicine, Palermo University, Italy. francesco.carini@unipa.it


''Correspondence to'': Massimo Franchini, MD; Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine; Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy; E-mail: massimo.franchini@asst-mantova.it ; Phone: 0039-0376-201234 ; FAX: 0039-0376-220144
<sup>(10)</sup> Vito D’Andrea, MD, Full Professor of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. vito.dandrea@uniroma1.it  


==Abstract==
==Abstract==
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health and social crisis worldwide. In this paper we summarized the different therapeutic actions planned from the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean (USA and Europe) to fight the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on passive immunotherapies such as convalescent plasma and anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies. The lessons derived from the critical analysis of that period could drive our treatment decisions for the next pandemics.
Silicone implants are widely used in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Rupture of a breast implants is a well-known complication. Silicone leakage from a rupture or silicone bleeding can accumulate in lymphnodes because the silicone migrates through the lymphatics, and it can reach local or distant nodes. The systemic effects of silicone are unknow and object of debate. We report three cases of silicone migration from breast implants rupture in oncological patients. We aim to describe the correct diagnosis and treatment according to the date of the literature


==Declarations==
==Declarations==
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==References==
==References==
<ol class="references">  
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<li>1. Van Diest, P. J., Beekman, W. H., & Hage, J. (1998). Pathology of silicone leakage from breast implants. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 51(7), 493–497. </li>
<li>Yuan, Y., Jiao, B., Qu, L., Yang, D., & Liu, R. The development of COVID-19 treatment. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023; 14, 1125246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246</li>
<li>2. Lahiri, A., & Waters, R. (2006).  Locoregional silicone spread after high cohesive gel silicone implant rupture. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 59(8), 885–886. </li>
<li>Casadevall, A., & Pirofski LA. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2020; 130(4), 1545-1548. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138003</li>
<li>3. Samreen, N., Glazebrook, K. N., Bhatt, A., Venkatesh, S. K., McMenomy, B. P., Chandra, A., leng, S., Adler, K. E., & McCollough, C. H. (2018). Imaging findings of mammary and systemic silicone deposition secondary to breast implants. The British Journal of Radiology, 98.</li>
<li>Senefeld, J.W., Franchini, M., Mengoli, C., Cruciani, M., Zani, M., Gorman, E.K., Focosi, D., Casadevall, A., & Joyner, M.J. COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2023; 6(1), e2250647. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50647</li>
<li>4. Lee, Y., Song, S. E., Yoon, E. S., Bae, J. W., & Jung, S. P. (2017). Extensive silicone lymphadenopathy after breast implant insertion mimicking malignant lymphadenopathy. Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research, 93(6), 331.</li>
<li>Senefeld, J.W., Gorman, E.K., Johnson, P.W., Moir, M.E., Klassen, S.A., Carter, R.E., Paneth, N.S., Sullivan, D.J., Morkeberg, O.H., Wright, R.S., Fairweather, D., Bruno, K.A., Shoham, S., Bloch, E.M., Focosi, D., Henderson, J.P., Juskewitch, J.E., Pirofski, L.A., Grossman, B.J., ., & Joyner, M.J. Rates Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Treated With Convalescent Plasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovative Quality Outcomes. 2023; 7(5), 499-513. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.09.001</li>
<li>5. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Tan, Y., Lv, W., Zhao, C., Xiong, M., Hou, K., Wu, M., Ren, Y., Zeng, N., & Wu, Y. (2022). Current Progress in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Frontiers in Oncology, 11.</li>
<li>Bloch, E.M., Focosi, D., Shoham, S., Senefeld, J., Tobian, A.A.R., Baden, L.R., Tiberghien, P., Sullivan, D.J., Cohn, C., Dioverti, V., Henderson, J.P., So-Osman, C., Juskewitch, J.E., Razonable, R.R., Franchini, M., Goel, R., Grossman, B.J., Casadevall, A., Joyner, M.J., …, & Gebo, K.A. Guidance on the Use of Convalescent Plasma to Treat Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2023; 76(11), 2018-2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad066</li>
<li>6. Hillard C, Fowler JD, Barta R, Cunningham B. (2017). Silicone breast implant rupture: a review. Gland Surg; 6(2):163-168.</li>
<li>Hassan, S., West, K.A., Conry-Cantilena, K., & De Giorgi, V. Regulatory challenges of convalescent plasma collection during the evolving stages of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Transfusion. 2022; 62(2), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16751 </li>
<li>7. Maxwell GP, Gabriel A. (2014). The evolution of breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg; 134:12S.</li>
<li>Joyner, M.J., Bruno, K.A., Klassen, S.A., Kunze, K.L., Johnson, P.W., Lesser, E.R., Wiggins, C.C., Senefeld, J.W., Klompas, A.M., Hodge, D.O., Shepherd, J.R.A., Rea, R.F., Whelan, E.R., Clayburn, A.J., Spiegel, M.R., Baker, S.E., Larson, K.F., Ripoll, J.G., Andersen, K.J., … & Wright RS. Safety Update: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 20,000 Hospitalized Patients. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020; 95(9), 1888-1897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028</li>
<li>8. Brown MH, Shenker R, Silver SA. (2005). Cohesive silicone gel breast implants in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 16(3):768-79.</li>
<li>Casadevall, A., Dragotakes, Q., Johnson, P.W., Senefeld, J.W., Klassen, S.A., Wright, R.S., Joyner, M.J., Paneth, N., & Carter, R.E. Convalescent plasma use in the USA was inversely correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Elife. 2021; 10, e69866. htpps://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69866.</li>
<li>9. Bengtson BP, Van Natta BW, Murphy DK, et al. (2007). Style 410 highly cohesive silicone breast implant core study results at 3 years. Plast Reconstr Surg, 120 (Suppl 1):40S-48S.</li>
<li>Franchini, M., Marano, G., Velati, C., Pati, I., Pupella, S., & Liumbruno G.M. Operational protocol for donation of anti-COVID-19 convalescent plasma in Italy. Vox Sang. 2021; 116(1), 136-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12940</li>
<li>10. Kaufman GJ, Sakr RA, Inguenault C, Sarfati I, Nos C, Clough KB. (2009). Silicone migra-tion to the contralateral axillary lymph nodes and breast after highly cohesive silicone gel implant failure: a case report. Cases Journal, 2:6420.</li>
<li>Focosi, D., & Franchini, M. COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy: hit fast, hit hard! Vox Sanguinis. 2021; 116(9), 935-942. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.13091</li>
<li>11. Seiler SJ, Sharma PB, Hayes JC, Ganti R, Mootz AR, Eads ED, et al. (2017). Multimodality imaging-based evaluation of single-lumen silicone breast implants for rupture. Radiographics; 37: 366–82. </li>
<li>Franchini, M., Focosi, D., Casadevall, A., Joyner, M.J., & Perotti, C. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19. TSUNAMI is not the final word. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2022; 97, 116-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2022.01.016</li>
<li>12. Buley. D. (1998). Fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes. J Clin Pathol 1998;51:8815.</li>
<li>Franchini. M., Cruciani, M., Casadevall, A., Joyner, M.J., Senefeld, J.W., Sullivan, D.J., Zani, M., & Focosi, D. Safety of COVID-19 convalescent plasma: A definitive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Transfusion. 2023 Dec 29. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.17701</li>
<li>13. Tatabowski K, Elson DCE, Johnson W. (1990). Silicone lymphadenopathy in a patient with a mammary prosthesis: fine needle aspiration cytology, histology, and analytical electron microscopy. Acta Cytol; 34:10–14. </li>
<li>Sullivan, D.J., Focosi, D., Hanley, D.F., Cruciani, M., Franchini, M., Ou, J., Casadevall, A., & Paneth, N. Outpatient randomized controlled trials to reduce COVID-19 hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2023, 95(12), e29310. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29310</li>
<li>14. Paul J van Diest,Werner H Beekman, Joris J Hage. (1998). Pathology of silicone leakage from breast implants. J Clin Pathol; 51:493–497.</li>
<li>Focosi, D., Meschi, S., Coen, S., Iorio, M.C., Franchini, M., Lanza, M., & Maggi, F. Serum anti-Spike immunoglobulin G levels in random blood donors in Italy: High-titre convalescent plasma is easier than ever to procure. Vox Sanguinis. 2023, 118(9), 794-797. https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.13498 </li>
<li>15. Gidengil CA, Predmore Z, Mattke S, van Busum K, Kim B. (2015). Breast implantassociat-ed anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg; 135:71320.</li>
<li>Sullivan, D.J., Franchini, M., Joyner, M.J., Casadevall, A., & Focosi, D. Analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing antibody titers in different vaccinated and unvaccinated convalescent plasma sources. Nature Communications. 2022; 13(1), 6478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33864-y</li>
<li>16. Wang et al. (2022). Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Frontiers in Oncology January 2022 Volume 11.</li>
 
 
</ol>
</ol>


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[[Category:Editorial]]
[[Category:Editorial]]


[[Category:Biomedical Sciences]]
[[Category:Clinical Sciences]]

Revision as of 15:34, 31 May 2024

Published
June 1, 2024
Title
Silicone Migration from Rupture Breast Implant. What Should Be Done? Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature
Authors
Antonio Ciulla, Giovanni Tomasello, Riccardo Chiodo, Domenico Bartolomeo, Gaetano Gallo, Simona Lupo, Simone Tomasini, Benedetto di Trapani, Antonio Giulio Giannone, Francesco Carini, Vito D’Andrea.
DOI
10.62684/********
Keywords
Silicone implants; aesthetic; reconstructive breast surgery; breast implants.
Downloads
Download PDF
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Antonio Ciulla(1,*), Giovanni Tomasello(2,*), Riccardo Chiodo(3a), Domenico Bartolomeo(3b), Gaetano Gallo(4), Simona Lupo(5), Simone Tomasini(6), Benedetto di Trapani(7), Antonio Giulio Giannone(8), Francesco Carini(9,*), Vito D’Andrea(10,*).

(*) The following Authors: AC, GT, FC, VD, contributed equally the drawing of this article.

(1) Antonio Ciulla, MD, General Surgeon, PhD,School of Medicine, Palermo University. bisturi@neomedia.it

(2) Giovanni Tomasello, MD, General Surgeon, , BIND Department, School of Medicine, Palermo University, Italy. giovanni.tomasello@unipa.it

(3a) Riccardo Chiodo, Student, School of Medicine, Palermo University. criccardo706@gmail.com

(3b) Domenico Bartolomeo, Student, School of Medicine, Palermo University. domybart28@gmail.com

(4) Gaetano Gallo, MD, General Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. ga.gallo@uniroma1.it

(5) Simona Lupo, MD, General Surgeon, Breast Unit, A.O.U.P. P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy. luposimona85@gmail.com

(6) Simone Tomasini, MD, Thoracic Surgeon, Torina Hospital Care, Palermo, Italy. enomis883@yahoo.it

(7) Benedetto di Trapani, MD, General Surgeon, Torina Hospital Care, Palermo, Italy. benedettoditrapani@gmail.com

(8) Antonino Giulio Giannone, MD, PhD, Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo. aggianno@gmail.com

(9) Franceso Carini, MD, BIND Department, School of Medicine, Palermo University, Italy. francesco.carini@unipa.it

(10) Vito D’Andrea, MD, Full Professor of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. vito.dandrea@uniroma1.it

Abstract

Silicone implants are widely used in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Rupture of a breast implants is a well-known complication. Silicone leakage from a rupture or silicone bleeding can accumulate in lymphnodes because the silicone migrates through the lymphatics, and it can reach local or distant nodes. The systemic effects of silicone are unknow and object of debate. We report three cases of silicone migration from breast implants rupture in oncological patients. We aim to describe the correct diagnosis and treatment according to the date of the literature

Declarations

Conflict of Interest

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

References

  1. 1. Van Diest, P. J., Beekman, W. H., & Hage, J. (1998). Pathology of silicone leakage from breast implants. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 51(7), 493–497.
  2. 2. Lahiri, A., & Waters, R. (2006). Locoregional silicone spread after high cohesive gel silicone implant rupture. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 59(8), 885–886.
  3. 3. Samreen, N., Glazebrook, K. N., Bhatt, A., Venkatesh, S. K., McMenomy, B. P., Chandra, A., leng, S., Adler, K. E., & McCollough, C. H. (2018). Imaging findings of mammary and systemic silicone deposition secondary to breast implants. The British Journal of Radiology, 98.
  4. 4. Lee, Y., Song, S. E., Yoon, E. S., Bae, J. W., & Jung, S. P. (2017). Extensive silicone lymphadenopathy after breast implant insertion mimicking malignant lymphadenopathy. Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research, 93(6), 331.
  5. 5. Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Tan, Y., Lv, W., Zhao, C., Xiong, M., Hou, K., Wu, M., Ren, Y., Zeng, N., & Wu, Y. (2022). Current Progress in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Frontiers in Oncology, 11.
  6. 6. Hillard C, Fowler JD, Barta R, Cunningham B. (2017). Silicone breast implant rupture: a review. Gland Surg; 6(2):163-168.
  7. 7. Maxwell GP, Gabriel A. (2014). The evolution of breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg; 134:12S.
  8. 8. Brown MH, Shenker R, Silver SA. (2005). Cohesive silicone gel breast implants in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg, 16(3):768-79.
  9. 9. Bengtson BP, Van Natta BW, Murphy DK, et al. (2007). Style 410 highly cohesive silicone breast implant core study results at 3 years. Plast Reconstr Surg, 120 (Suppl 1):40S-48S.
  10. 10. Kaufman GJ, Sakr RA, Inguenault C, Sarfati I, Nos C, Clough KB. (2009). Silicone migra-tion to the contralateral axillary lymph nodes and breast after highly cohesive silicone gel implant failure: a case report. Cases Journal, 2:6420.
  11. 11. Seiler SJ, Sharma PB, Hayes JC, Ganti R, Mootz AR, Eads ED, et al. (2017). Multimodality imaging-based evaluation of single-lumen silicone breast implants for rupture. Radiographics; 37: 366–82.
  12. 12. Buley. D. (1998). Fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes. J Clin Pathol 1998;51:8815.
  13. 13. Tatabowski K, Elson DCE, Johnson W. (1990). Silicone lymphadenopathy in a patient with a mammary prosthesis: fine needle aspiration cytology, histology, and analytical electron microscopy. Acta Cytol; 34:10–14.
  14. 14. Paul J van Diest,Werner H Beekman, Joris J Hage. (1998). Pathology of silicone leakage from breast implants. J Clin Pathol; 51:493–497.
  15. 15. Gidengil CA, Predmore Z, Mattke S, van Busum K, Kim B. (2015). Breast implantassociat-ed anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg; 135:71320.
  16. 16. Wang et al. (2022). Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Frontiers in Oncology January 2022 Volume 11.
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