Patent Foramen Ovale The Unresolved Questions: Difference between revisions

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==References==
==References==
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<ol class="references">
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<li>53. Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, Mauri L, Adams H, Albers GW, Felberg R, Herrmann H, Kar S, Landzberg M et al: Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med 2012, 366(11):991-999.</li>
<li>Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, Mauri L, Adams H, Albers GW, Felberg R, Herrmann H, Kar S, Landzberg M et al: Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med 2012, 366(11):991-999.</li>
<li>54. Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, Khattab AA, Hildick-Smith D, Dudek D, Andersen G, Ibrahim R, Schuler G, Walton AS et al: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med 2013, 368(12):1083-1091.</li>
<li>Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, Khattab AA, Hildick-Smith D, Dudek D, Andersen G, Ibrahim R, Schuler G, Walton AS et al: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med 2013, 368(12):1083-1091.</li>
<li>55. Mas JL, Derumeaux G, Guillon B, Massardier E, Hosseini H, Mechtouff L, Arquizan C, Bejot Y, Vuillier F, Detante O et al: Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1011-1021.</li>
<li>Mas JL, Derumeaux G, Guillon B, Massardier E, Hosseini H, Mechtouff L, Arquizan C, Bejot Y, Vuillier F, Detante O et al: Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1011-1021.</li>
<li>56. Lee PH, Song JK, Kim JS, Heo R, Lee S, Kim DH, Song JM, Kang DH, Kwon SU, Kang DW et al: Cryptogenic Stroke and High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale: The DEFENSE-PFO Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018, 71(20):2335-2342.</li>
<li>Lee PH, Song JK, Kim JS, Heo R, Lee S, Kim DH, Song JM, Kang DH, Kwon SU, Kang DW et al: Cryptogenic Stroke and High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale: The DEFENSE-PFO Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018, 71(20):2335-2342.</li>
<li>57. Saver JL, Carroll JD, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL, Investigators R: Long-Term Outcomes of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Medical Therapy after Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1022-1032.</li>
<li>Saver JL, Carroll JD, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL, Investigators R: Long-Term Outcomes of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Medical Therapy after Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1022-1032.</li>
<li>58. Sondergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, Andersen G, Iversen HK, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Settergren M, Sjostrand C, Roine RO, Hildick-Smith D et al: Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Antiplatelet Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1033-1042.</li>
<li>Sondergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, Andersen G, Iversen HK, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Settergren M, Sjostrand C, Roine RO, Hildick-Smith D et al: Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Antiplatelet Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke. N Engl J Med 2017, 377(11):1033-1042.</li>
<li>59. Healey JS, Alings M, Ha A, Leong-Sit P, Birnie DH, de Graaf JJ, Freericks M, Verma A, Wang J, Leong D et al: Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in Older Patients. Circulation 2017, 136(14):1276-1283.</li>
<li>Healey JS, Alings M, Ha A, Leong-Sit P, Birnie DH, de Graaf JJ, Freericks M, Verma A, Wang J, Leong D et al: Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in Older Patients. Circulation 2017, 136(14):1276-1283.</li>
<li>60. Rouesnel P, Babuty D, Fauchier L, Saudeau D, Hurreesing R, Cosnay P, Garnier LF: Comparative study of atrial vulnerability in patients with unexplained ischemic stroke or lone atrial paroxysmal fibrillation. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2003, 52(4):220-225.</li>
<li>Rouesnel P, Babuty D, Fauchier L, Saudeau D, Hurreesing R, Cosnay P, Garnier LF: Comparative study of atrial vulnerability in patients with unexplained ischemic stroke or lone atrial paroxysmal fibrillation. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2003, 52(4):220-225.</li>
<li>61. Guedeney P, Laredo M, Zeitouni M, Hauguel-Moreau M, Wallet T, Elegamandji B, Alamowitch S, Crozier S, Sabben C, Deltour S et al: Supraventricular Arrhythmia Following Patent Foramen Ovale Percutaneous Closure. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022, 15(22):2315-2322.</li>
<li>Guedeney P, Laredo M, Zeitouni M, Hauguel-Moreau M, Wallet T, Elegamandji B, Alamowitch S, Crozier S, Sabben C, Deltour S et al: Supraventricular Arrhythmia Following Patent Foramen Ovale Percutaneous Closure. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022, 15(22):2315-2322.</li>
<li>62. Kramer P, Opgen-Rhein B, Berger F, Nordmeyer J: Left atrial disc device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore(R) Cardioform septal occluder: A case series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023, 102(2):359-363.</li>
<li>Kramer P, Opgen-Rhein B, Berger F, Nordmeyer J: Left atrial disc device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore(R) Cardioform septal occluder: A case series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023, 102(2):359-363.</li>
<li>63. Pristipino C, Sievert H, D'Ascenzo F, Mas JL, Meier B, Scacciatella P, Hildick-Smith D, Gaita F, Toni D, Kyrle P et al: European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism. EuroIntervention 2019, 14(13):1389-1402.</li>
<li>Pristipino C, Sievert H, D'Ascenzo F, Mas JL, Meier B, Scacciatella P, Hildick-Smith D, Gaita F, Toni D, Kyrle P et al: European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. General approach and left circulation thromboembolism. EuroIntervention 2019, 14(13):1389-1402.</li>
<li>64. Ruiz CE, Kipshidze N, Chiam PT, Gogorishvili I: Feasibility of patent foramen ovale closure with no-device left behind: first-in-man percutaneous suture closure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008, 71(7):921-926.</li>
<li>Ruiz CE, Kipshidze N, Chiam PT, Gogorishvili I: Feasibility of patent foramen ovale closure with no-device left behind: first-in-man percutaneous suture closure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008, 71(7):921-926.</li>
<li>65. Gaspardone A, De Marco F, Sgueglia GA, De Santis A, Iamele M, D'Ascoli E, Tusa M, Corciu A, Mullen M, Nobles A et al: Novel percutaneous suture-mediated patent foramen ovale closure technique: early results of the NobleStitch EL Italian Registry. EuroIntervention 2018, 14(3):e272-e279.</li>
<li>Gaspardone A, De Marco F, Sgueglia GA, De Santis A, Iamele M, D'Ascoli E, Tusa M, Corciu A, Mullen M, Nobles A et al: Novel percutaneous suture-mediated patent foramen ovale closure technique: early results of the NobleStitch EL Italian Registry. EuroIntervention 2018, 14(3):e272-e279.</li>
<li>66. Onorato EM, Grancini L, Monizzi G, Mastrangelo A, Fabbiocchi F, Bartorelli AL: Noblestitch(R) system for PFO closure: A novel but judicious alternative to traditional devices-A case report. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023, 10:1095661.</li>
<li>Onorato EM, Grancini L, Monizzi G, Mastrangelo A, Fabbiocchi F, Bartorelli AL: Noblestitch(R) system for PFO closure: A novel but judicious alternative to traditional devices-A case report. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023, 10:1095661.</li>
</ol>
</ol>


Revision as of 12:24, 24 March 2024

Published
March 5, 2024
Title
Patent Foramen Ovale: The Unresolved Questions
Authors
Imma Forzano, Gaetano Santulli
DOI
10.62684/DMFZ6956
Keywords
Cardiology; Migraine; Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO); Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome; Stroke; TIA;
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Imma Forzano(a),Gaetano Santulli(a,b)

(a) Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, “Federico II” University, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, 80131, Naples, Italy;

(b) Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, NY.

Correspondence to: Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, NY. gsantulli001@gmail.com

Abstract

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a remnant of fetal circulation that could be observed in the 25% of the population worldwide. PFO is associated to numerous clinical conditions as migraines, coronary embolization, transient ischemic attacks, and stroke. The main PFO concerns are related to its correlation to stroke, in particular in young adults. Despite the impact on morbidity that PFO could have, to date there is not clear evidence about its management and treatment. In this narrative review our aim is to summarize the more recent evidence in the literature dealing with PFO, in order to provide an updated overview on this topic.

Declarations

Conflict of Interest

The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Funding

The Santulli’s Lab is currently supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI: R01-HL164772, R01-HL159062, R01-HL146691, T32-HL144456), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK: R01-DK123259, R01-DK033823), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS: UL1-TR002556-06, UM1-TR004400) to G.S., by the Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (to G.S.), by the Waxman Research Foundation (to G.S.), and by the Monique Weill-Caulier and Irma T. Hirschl Trusts (to G.S.).

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